Read the Quite From the Ways and Means Comittee of the House Hrainly
The United States Congress is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Acquire more than about the powers of the Legislative Co-operative of the federal government of the U.s..
Established by Article I of the Constitution, the Legislative Branch consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together form the United States Congress. The Constitution grants Congress the sole authorization to enact legislation and declare war, the right to ostend or reject many Presidential appointments, and substantial investigative powers.
The House of Representatives is made upwardly of 435 elected members, divided amid the fifty states in proportion to their full population. In addition, at that place are half dozen non-voting members, representing the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and four other territories of the U.s.a.. The presiding officer of the chamber is the Speaker of the House, elected by the Representatives. He or she is third in the line of succession to the Presidency.
Members of the House are elected every two years and must exist 25 years of age, a U.Due south. denizen for at to the lowest degree 7 years, and a resident of the land (but non necessarily the district) they represent.
The House has several powers assigned exclusively to information technology, including the power to initiate revenue bills, impeach federal officials, and elect the President in the example of an electoral college tie.
The Senate is composed of 100 Senators, 2 for each state. Until the ratification of the 17th Amendment in 1913, Senators were chosen by state legislatures, non by popular vote. Since then, they have been elected to half-dozen-twelvemonth terms past the people of each state. Senator'due south terms are staggered and so that about ane-third of the Senate is up for reelection every two years. Senators must be 30 years of age, U.S. citizens for at least nine years, and residents of the land they represent.
The Vice President of the United States serves as President of the Senate and may cast the decisive vote in the event of a necktie in the Senate.
The Senate has the sole power to confirm those of the President's appointments that require consent, and to ratify treaties. There are, however, ii exceptions to this rule: the House must also approve appointments to the Vice Presidency and any treaty that involves strange trade. The Senate also tries impeachment cases for federal officials referred to it by the House.
In social club to pass legislation and transport it to the President for his signature, both the House and the Senate must pass the same beak by majority vote. If the President vetoes a neb, they may override his veto by passing the neb again in each chamber with at least two-thirds of each body voting in favor.
The Legislative Process | Powers of Congress | Government Oversight
The Legislative Procedure
The first step in the legislative process is the introduction of a bill to Congress. Anyone tin write it, but only members of Congress can introduce legislation. Some important bills are traditionally introduced at the request of the President, such as the annual federal budget. During the legislative process, however, the initial bill can undergo desperate changes.
Afterwards beingness introduced, a pecker is referred to the advisable committee for review. There are 17 Senate committees, with lxx subcommittees, and 23 House committees, with 104 subcommittees. The committees are not fix in stone, but change in number and form with each new Congress every bit required for the efficient consideration of legislation. Each committee oversees a specific policy surface area, and the subcommittees take on more specialized policy areas. For example, the House Committee on Ways and Means includes subcommittees on Social Security and Merchandise.
A bill is first considered in a subcommittee, where it may be accepted, amended, or rejected entirely. If the members of the subcommittee agree to move a bill forward, information technology is reported to the full commission, where the process is repeated over again. Throughout this stage of the procedure, the committees and subcommittees call hearings to investigate the claim and flaws of the neb. They invite experts, advocates, and opponents to appear before the commission and provide testimony, and tin can compel people to appear using subpoena power if necessary.
If the full committee votes to approve the bill, it is reported to the flooring of the House or Senate, and the majority political party leadership decides when to place the bill on the calendar for consideration. If a bill is especially pressing, it may be considered correct away. Others may wait for months or never exist scheduled at all.
When the neb comes upwardly for consideration, the House has a very structured debate procedure. Each member who wishes to speak only has a few minutes, and the number and kind of amendments are normally limited. In the Senate, argue on most bills is unlimited — Senators may speak to problems other than the neb nether consideration during their speeches, and any amendment can exist introduced. Senators can use this to filibuster bills nether consideration, a procedure by which a Senator delays a vote on a nib — and by extension its passage — by refusing to stand down. A supermajority of 60 Senators can interruption a filibuster past invoking cloture, or the cession of fence on the bill, and forcing a vote. Once debate is over, the votes of a simple majority passes the bill.
A bill must pass both houses of Congress before it goes to the President for consideration. Though the Constitution requires that the two bills have the exact same diction, this rarely happens in do. To bring the bills into alignment, a Conference Committee is convened, consisting of members from both chambers. The members of the committee produce a conference study, intended as the concluding version of the beak. Each chamber so votes again to corroborate the briefing report. Depending on where the bill originated, the last text is and so enrolled by either the Clerk of the House or the Secretary of the Senate, and presented to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate for their signatures. The bill is then sent to the President.
When receiving a bill from Congress, the President has several options. If the President agrees essentially with the bill, he or she may sign it into law, and the beak is then printed in the Statutes at Large. If the President believes the law to be bad policy, he may veto it and send it back to Congress. Congress may override the veto with a two-thirds vote of each chamber, at which point the bill becomes police force and is printed.
There are 2 other options that the President may exercise. If Congress is in session and the President takes no action within 10 days, the neb becomes law. If Congress adjourns before 10 days are upwardly and the President takes no action, then the nib dies and Congress may not vote to override. This is called a pocket veto, and if Congress still wants to pass the legislation, they must begin the unabridged process anew.
Powers of Congress
Congress, as i of the 3 coequal branches of authorities, is ascribed significant powers by the Constitution. All legislative power in the government is vested in Congress, meaning that it is the merely part of the authorities that can make new laws or change existing laws. Executive Branch agencies outcome regulations with the full force of police, merely these are only under the authority of laws enacted by Congress. The President may veto bills Congress passes, but Congress may also override a veto by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Commodity I of the Constitution enumerates the powers of Congress and the specific areas in which it may legislate. Congress is also empowered to enact laws deemed "necessary and proper" for the execution of the powers given to any role of the regime under the Constitution.
Part of Congress's exercise of legislative authority is the establishment of an almanac budget for the authorities. To this end, Congress levies taxes and tariffs to provide funding for essential government services. If enough money cannot be raised to fund the government, so Congress may likewise authorize borrowing to make upward the difference. Congress tin also mandate spending on specific items: legislatively directed spending, ordinarily known every bit "earmarks," specifies funds for a particular project, rather than for a regime bureau.
Both chambers of Congress have all-encompassing investigative powers, and may compel the production of show or testimony toward whatever end they deem necessary. Members of Congress spend much of their time holding hearings and investigations in committee. Refusal to cooperate with a Congressional subpoena can result in charges of contempt of Congress, which could result in a prison term.
The Senate maintains several powers to itself: Information technology ratifies treaties by a ii-thirds supermajority vote and confirms the appointments of the President by a majority vote. The consent of the House of Representatives is also necessary for the ratification of trade agreements and the confirmation of the Vice President.
Congress too holds the sole power to declare war.
Government Oversight
Oversight of the executive branch is an of import Congressional check on the President's power and a rest against his discretion in implementing laws and making regulations.
A major way that Congress conducts oversight is through hearings. The House Committee on Oversight and Authorities Reform and the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Regime Diplomacy are both devoted to overseeing and reforming regime operations, and each committee conducts oversight in its policy surface area.
Congress as well maintains an investigative organization, the Authorities Accountability Office (GAO). Founded in 1921 as the General Accounting Office, its original mission was to audit the budgets and financial statements sent to Congress past the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of the Office of Management and Upkeep. Today, the GAO audits and generates reports on every attribute of the regime, ensuring that taxpayer dollars are spent with the effectiveness and efficiency that the American people deserve.
The executive branch also polices itself: Sixty-four Inspectors Full general, each responsible for a different bureau, regularly audit and report on the agencies to which they are attached.
Source: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/1600/legislative-branch
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